Friday, May 31, 2019

Dress Code Dilemma :: School Education Clothing Essays

Dress Code DilemmaDear Dr. Pettigrew, Imagine this perplexuation I walk into my third period class and my teacher says to me, Joell I think your skirt is too short. You need to get it checked by the office. I do not understand why my first or second period teacher said nothing to me about my skirt. However, I go to the office, and wait for the virtuoso or vice principal to measure my skirt. Forty-five minutes pass and it is time for my fourth period class. Finally, the principal steps out of her office and measures my skirt. harmonize to the crop code, a skirt has to be four and a half inches above the knees, but mine is five inches. I now have devil options 1) I could put on my gym clothes that I have worn in gym class all week or 2) I could sit in the in-school suspension room, missing more classes until one of my parents can bring me a change of clothes. If I choose not to put on my dirty gym clothes and both of my parents are not able to bring me a change of clothes, then I am forced to sit in the in-school suspension room for the rest of the day. In this situation, I chose to have my mother bring me a change of clothes. When she arrived twenty minutes later, she was furious and demanded to enunciate with the principal. She wanted to know why her daughter had to miss three classes. This experience examines a policy I struggled with while attending Mars High School. at that place is a great deal of confusion about what is considered legal or illegal according to the dress code. Students getting cheated out of class time is the bad result of this confusion. Now that I have graduated, I want to express my concern because my younger cousin is going to be a freshman next year and I do not want her to face the same hassles. I feel our administration places too much emphasis on the specifics of the dress code and forces students to miss important education.

The Amazing Color-coded Campus :: Personal Narrative Essay Example

The Amazing Color-coded Campus   At a glance ours had seemed the perfect school, with its large remodeled buildings, looming green trees and a campus filling a whole city block. Everyone cherished to go there, just so that they could cut class and escape to the real world. For me, leaving a private school where everyone looked and acted the same for a school cognize for having the largest and most diverse student body in the United States was nothing less than a dream come true.   On my first day, though, I cognize why my parents had originally yanked me out of public school. I had rejoined all those same kids who six years before had been stapling their ears, whispering talk of sexual things Id never hear of, and literally gluing themselves to their seats after being told to do so figuratively.   In a way I was glad, having spent six years at a school whose students only quirks were random temper tantrums and acting out scenes from the latest novel theyd finished. The school had fences protecting us from the outside world, and how it might make us feel about ourselves. I had learned to disappear in that crowd, to appear as one of them when I felt like an outsider. I would listen to their stories of shoplifting, discerning their allowances covered anything their hearts desired, and lie about my own shoplifting experiences. I couldnt help just think that there was more beyond those gates, things that mattered and things that were real.   The sky seemed to cleave dangerously low above my head that day, the clouds so thick and gray it was if the universe ended at their edges. I had survived a week of high school, but still walked around campus feeling anxious, as if everyone could see I was shaking inside. My eyes scanned the people pouring from the buildings, desperately wanting to find my best friend. with the undulating sea of students, which lightened and darkened every couple of feet, I finally spotted Kay doing her best to be invisi ble.   The path to where we ate curved through The Slopes, where black and Hispanic football players hung out, and The Bricks, which held mainly white seniors. Ashamed of our nervousness to walk through The Slopes, we looked only at each other and talked in hurried tones.

Thursday, May 30, 2019

Cyberspace :: essays papers

CyberspaceComputers and CyberspaceWhen does reality end and cyberspace begin? Can crimes committed in cyberspace be punished in reality? Can a cyber relationship have the same rules as a relationship in reality? Basically, is cyberspace pop of regular life-time or is it a world created by us with ever changing and moving norms?Often, raft make comment that they become so focused on something and it becomes a part of their life, an extension of them. I feel the same can be said of cyberspace. Reality is what you make it, and that can also include the humanity that you see on the computer screen. The cyber world is a society just like the external world we live in is a society. With increasing ways to access this world, the two worlds are now beginning to overlap and some would even say collide. Some have become so enwrapped in this separate existence with instant messenger, e-mail, chat rooms, and message boards, the cyberspace has seemingly replaced get-togethers, night clubs, bars, and meetings as the number one social gathering place. More people are wired to this world than you will ever meet in a club, so why leave home, this is the best way to meet people. However, it is disastrous that this also involves taking you away from the reality that is around you right now. Many ignore priorities such as family, friends, and even work to be a part of cyberspace. It has almost become a form of addiction for some.Should crimes committed in cyberspace be grounds for punishment here in the real outside world? Well, I think it depends on the level of crime. If you should threaten someone online, you should receive a ban from that location, but not be arrested. If you should continue that activity, thusly it will be assessed then, but for first time offenders, a strict warning or ban is harsh enough. The thought of losing out on that cognize ever again is enough to stop most. More serious and special case offenders such as pedophiles who are putting kiddie po rn on the internet or trying to lure children in chat rooms, should be prosecuted to the same extent as those we find in normal society. The same can be said for online embezzlers and hackers, it is no different to break into a companys front door than it is to steal from them online.

Wednesday, May 29, 2019

The Judgment of Paris and The Miracle of the Fishes Artwork Essay

How often do we see things in life that require a double-take, a aid glance, a follow-up look, or even multiple subsequent studies? The answer is quite simple everyday. The things we often look at a second c cheatridge holder are often not intellectually worth the look, whether it be an irrational teenager attempting some outrageous skateboarding stunt, a monkey drinking its have got urine, or even a ii-headed cat, people have stopped spending their second or third glances on things that are meaningful and sensible. As a result people have lost the appreciation of evaluating and scrutinizing art and often dont think of looking at it a second or third time to really look at it. Sure people go to museums and galleries, but nowadays, how many of them actually try and conceive the painters thoughts or pauperism for the picture shows? Upon my search two paintings really stuck out to me and required second and third inquiries, The Judgment of capital of France and The Miracle of the Fishes both making me return to make a capable judgment of my own. By looking at paintings multiple times in mortal a viewer back see different details and aspects of the painting theyre looking at or studyingmaking their observations more accurate and varied upon a second or third scrutiny. In these two paintings by Jacob Jordaens, The Miracle of the Fishes and The Judgment of Paris, there are many similar and contrasting ideas. From a first glance they are quite different The judgment of Paris is centered on the three Goddesses and their surrounding aura that is the bright center of the painting while The Miracle of the Fishes seems to have a rather dark and almost grim center. However, upon a second examination or a more thorough look one begins to notice an abundance of... ...utinize both paintings multiple times I was able to gather enough information to make accurate analyses. Even without seeing every miniscule detail a decent analysis can be made if an adequate amount of details is observed, whether the observation is in person or from a picture. Seeing a painting in person and being able to get close and look at the minute details allows a person to more accurately describe or discerp a painting. Works Cited1.Julius S. Held and Donald Posner. 17th &18th century art baroque painting, sculpture, and architecture, New York H.N Abrams, 19712.Jacob Jordaens. The Artchive. 28 Sep. 2006 http//artchive.com/artchive/J/jordaens.html3.Malcolm Gladwell. Blink, New York Little, Brown and Company, 20054.Jacob Jordaens. The Getty. 28 Sep. 2006 http//www.getty.edu/art/gettyguide/artMakerDetails?maker=359

Youth Gangs and Violence In Schools Essays -- Youth Gangs Essays

The theme, which I have decided to research and base my portfolio on, is Youth Gangs and effect In Schools. The term Youth is defined by the Compact Oxford English Dictionary as the period between childhood and adulthood and is also normally used as a noun to describe three-year-old people. The same dictionary defines a Gang as an organised group of criminals or disorderly young people. Youth closed chains are groups of young people who assemble and often engage in criminal and illegal activities such as graffiti, vandalism, theft, robbery and violent activities including, aggroup fights and brawls. The Compact Oxford English Dictionary defines violence as behaviour involving physical force intended to hurt, damage or kill. Violent acts committed by gang members are often done with the intention of causing physical and or psychological trauma/ injury to persons. These acts include bullying, threatening, inflicting physical injury or applying each physical force, which hurts a person, the throwing of objects and missiles at or towards persons, destruction of a victims property or any type of internal abuse and sexual harassment. ====================================================================== Nowadays, t here is a small minority of students attending elementary and more so secondary schools who are forming gangs. The growth of gang culture has not save occurred in places like the United States of America and Great Britain, but also in smaller lesser-developed countries in the Caribbean. ====================================================================== Sad to say, Gang Violence in my really own school is on the rise. As re... ... In conclusion, neither the level nor incidence of school violence and gang culture has yet gripped the Caribbean as it has elsewhere. However, the youths here are influenced by the cross fertilization of contemporary social behaviour as depicted in songs , music videos (MTV BET VH1) films and literature. American culture is overabundant and is very influential on Caribbean society. The two pieces are good starting points. They are informative, well written and documented. The level and type of violence, which is emerging here has American influence and thus the studies are relevant, though not in all respects. Our socio-economic and demographic factors are quite different. Both studies are well written, clear and tardily to follow and can undoubtedly assist the reader, as it did me, in my research on this topic.

Graduation Speech: Use Your Strengths to Help Others :: Graduation Speech, Commencement Address

Wow 12 days of hard work, 12 years of perseverance, 12 years of dedication A great king once said, The way of a fool is right in his own eyes, but a wise human is he who listens to counsel. We each have mentors in our life who give us this counsel. What we choose to do with it determines if we be considered foolish or wise. Naturally, we tend to recall we are always right, and even on the occasions when we are right, t present is always something to learn from a second opinion. Take in force(p) a second to think back over the last 18 years of your life. Think of all the second opinions youve received. These opinions and the people who shared them go you to this point. While you may think you got here through your own doing, think a little harder and consider those days when all you motivationed to do was climb trees, play with Barbie dolls or watch immature Mutant Ninja Turtles all day long. What changed that? Was there unmatched day when, suddenly, in your most matu re five-year-old voice you said, Mom, Dad, Ive made a decision. I want to scoop saving for college. Could you please put my allowance in a bank account for me? Personally, I can say that I did not have one of those days. As diligent as you may think I am to my studies, I can say for certain that I would have loved to just play outside all day and stay up late watching movies. However, as much fun as I would have had, I would not have gotten very far. Thankfully, I had numerous people in my life who showed me, at just the right times, how to grow. Think of your teachers, preschool through high school, who cared decorous each day to come to school to a class of at least 30 kids who each had their own agenda and were able to make each childs agenda important. Think of your friends, brothers and sisters, aunts and uncles, grandparents and others who have showed you how to be a good friend and how to grow in relationships, simply by being there. Think of coaches and instructors youve h ad who pushed you to do things you didnt want to do so that you would achieve the things you wanted to achieve.

Monday, May 27, 2019

India- a Growing Country

India- A growing country India is growing forrad day by day. New methods of recognition and technology have been introduced since years. Many of the new techniques have been introduced in the field of agriculture so India has been growing economically forward great majority of people use science in their day to day life for many purposes Overall in my point of view the science and technology is improving Science is the human endeavor to discover truths about the world around us. Scientists seek out answers through observation and experimentation.As we discover more than and more, we are able to apply what weve learned to develop new technologies and to improve everyday life. But perhaps more importantly, as we gain knowledge through science, we are able to begin satisfying our deep-felt need to know more about ourselves. The explicate science comes through the Old French, and is derived in turn from the Latin scientia, knowledge, the nominal form of the verb scire, to know. The Proto-Indo-European (PIE) root that yields scire is *skei-, meaning to cut, separate, or discern. Similarly, the Greek word for science is , deriving from the verb , to know. From the Middle Ages to the Enlightenment, science or scientia meant any systematic recorded knowledge. Science therefore had the same sort of very broad meaning that philosophy had at that time. In other languages, including French, Spanish, Portuguese, and Italian, the word corresponding to science also carries this meaning. Technolgy make life more convinient It is used in every house for trim . because any house work reckon upon this It is used in hospitals in many operation to save people life Organisation,office to communicate ,make wrk up to date with speed and reliability. hrough they can interact ,make presentation. Does newfangled technolgy make life more convenient,or was life bette when technolgy was simpler? Life was simpler and better before technology . however before technology ,any single work need a lot of time to do and there is no security and reliability in this and it is difficult to lead without technology. after advent of technology ,it ease the work and create more reliability and everything done very easily . before technology we have to communicate one person to another person who weather another city ,it take days to

Sunday, May 26, 2019

IELTS Syllabus Design Essay

1. Introduction The link English for academic purpose (EAP) course of study is designed for an IELTS preparation course, which particularly focuses on the listening test. The reasons behind this woof are that IELTS preparation course is very popular in China, and to be a medical specialist on belief IELTS listening aligns with the authors career plan.All learners are male and female Chinese student aged between 18 and 25, who seek tertiary education in English-speaking countries. Additionally, all of them are in the intermediate level, and they wish to get a good grade in the listening test. This will be a five-week teaching, and three hours per week with a different unit. Additionally, it will be used in a hypothetical course of instruction in a private language school, and the approximate number of students for each class is 25.In the following parts, the author will first give the rendering of computer program, and the importance and necessity of undertaking necessitate abbreviation. Then there will be a demonstration of the attached curriculum design, which hold the justification of the selected slips of syllabuses and the choice of the selection and grading of content. At last, a conclusion will be given to summarise the key points in this essay.2. The definition of syllabus Basically, a syllabus is a specification of what is to be included in a language course and it concerns the selection of items to be learnt and the grading of those items into an appropriate sequence (Jordan, 2003 Hamer, 2002). Additionally, Nunan (1988) defines syllabus to a broad and a narrow approach. In a broad view, the syllabus and methodology should be together, because the difficulty of distinguishing content and tasks with the exploitation of communicative language teaching (CLT). Whereas, a narrow view considers distinguishing syllabus design and methodology syllabus design essentially focuses on the selection and grading of content, while methodology is much a bout the selection of learning tasks and activities (Nunan, 1988).Linking to the attached syllabus, because listening is regarded as a receptive skill, and it requires few activities than productive skills, such as writing and speaking (Hyland, 2006). Hence, the attached syllabus is designed under the narrow view, and it is orientated with the selection and grading of content.3. Needs analytic thinking The term analysis of necessarily first appears in a published survey report of language teaching by Michael West in 1926 (West, 1994). However, there was little attention given to the needs analysis in the following decades. The reason could be the traditional belief of basing curricula on language structures rather than on individual learner needs at that time (Richards and Rodgers, 1986). With the development of language teaching, the term need analysis was re-raised by the Council of Europe Modern Language Projects group in the 1970s, and needs analysis is recognised as the star ting time point for devising syllabuses, courses, martials and the kind of teaching and learning that takes place (Strevens, 1977 Coffey, 1984 Fatihi, 2003).Similarly, Jordan (2003) also suggests that designing a syllabus should involve examining needs analyses and establishing goals. In the meanwhile, the concept of learners needs becomes more broader, which refers not only to the language knowledge and skills that for certain target situation purposes, but also refers to necessities, lacks, wants, desires, motivations, constraints and requirements, which could be linguistic, affective, material or institutional (Hutchinson and Waters, 1987 Allwright, 1982). match to Brown (199536), needs analysis is defined as the systematic collection and analysis of all subjective and objective information necessary to define and bear out defensible curriculum purposes that satisfy the language learning requirements of students within the context of particular institutions that influence the le arning and teaching situation. And there are some(prenominal) fundamental questions need to consider when conducting a needs analysis. As Jordan (2003) suggests and further summarises in the Figure 1, they are* Why is the analysis being undertaken? (E.g. to determine the type of syllabus and content) * Whose needs are to be analysed? (E.g. the learners the teachers the sponsors) * Who performs the analysis? (E.g. sponsor teacher student) * What is to be analysed? (E.g. target situation present situation deficiencies) * How is the analysis to be conducted? (E.g. questionnaires tests) * When is the analysis to be undertaken? (E.g. before the EAP course) * Where is the EAP course to be held? (E.g. the learners own country)Figure 1. Needs analysis summarySource Jordan (2003), Chapter 2, pp. 29.The signifi trampce of conducting a needs analysis is that it is a device to know the learners necessities, needs and lacks, which directly determines the type of syllabus and content, as well as the appropriateness and effectiveness of the course (Fatihi, 2003). Also it is a cognitive operation for identifying the instructional objectives in a valid curriculum, in order to facilitate the learning for language learners (Jordan, 2003). However, there are also some limitations of needs analysis, which include1) the complicity of converting needs into goals since an assessment of individual needs could result in multiple course objectives (Dubin and Olshtain, 1986 102)2) the lack of an effective needs analysis procedure, as most needs analysis procedures fail to solve the leap between needs analysis and materials development (West, 1994) 3) the validity and reliability of the instruments used in a needs analysis and the results obtained (Van Hest and Oud-de Glas, 1990). Despite those limitations, it is still worth doing needs analysis because some studies have showed that it can be beneficial for the development of curriculum (Bosher & Smalkowski, 2002 Chaudron et al., 2005). 4. Demonstrating syllabus design 4.1 Selecting syllabus typesThere are various types of syllabus design that have been used over the last few decades (Yalden, 1987). Generally, a number of different types of syllabus can be subsumed under two broad headings namely, the product-oriented syllabus which focuses on the end result, and the process-oriented syllabus which focuses on the means to an end (Nunan, 1988). The various types syllabus under these two broad headings have been listed in the Figure 2. Additionally, a skills-based syllabus that is based on one or more of the four traditional language skills is highlighted in Jordan (2003). It seems that this type of syllabus is on the half way between product syllabuses and process syllabuses as suggested by Robinson (1991). Furthermore, another independent syllabus is lexical syllabus which was initially done by the work of COBUILD since 1980 and it is on the basis of vocabulary and lexis (Lewis, 1993 Harmer, 2002).

Saturday, May 25, 2019

Modern Architecture

Rakhshaan Qazi-? Modern Architecture, Essay two Four of the leading architects of the modernist period were Adolf Loos, domestic dog Lloyd Wright, Ludwig Mies Van der Rode, and Louis Kahn. These architects drew significantly from each different and explored similar ideas in their establishing of a new standard in approaching architecture. Decoration became a prohibited while simpler and more(prenominal) functional forms took their place. I am going to be talking about Loius Kahn and how he is talked abut in different texts. Loius Kahn was both more subtle and radical than all the rchitects mentioned din his book so far. From early on Kahn was interested in housing reform movements and working on largely government housing projects. Kahn strongly believed that there was a dire need for civic architecture, which would eventually ignite a sense of common purpose and elected participation. Kahn went from the modernist tradition to a fusion of Viollet-? de-? Duc and neoclassicism. And eventually to a more or less, unchanging form types. His convergence between the two was suggested by platonic geometries plant in nature. He strongly isagreed with the concept of a free plan, and believed in the aggregation of identical rooms, which broke down architecture to its most primitive unit of meaning. When Louis Kahn worked on a space, he would try to understand the spiritual quality of the spaces and put that into the materials that he roled for the place. Hed pay specific oversight to technical aspects of things and to work precisely. He had great control over the materials he used. He liked to think of his spaces as servant spaces, meaning that these were spaces in buildings that would erve other spaces and allow each other to exist. He believed strongly that architecture appeals to the community it serves as well as the already recognized structural functionality. He added that architecture should reveal the story of the construction through materiality. His m ajor mission was to put the spiritual sense of the space into the material. He was trying to figure out how to bump the spirituality of the space. He had a mastery of monumentality he understood attempted to integrate as much of nature as possible into his urban work. He hought that nature should become a basis on which American modern architecture should emerge. A lot of his work into the 30s was focused more on bad American society a social form during times of crisis, working on things like decentralized utopia, including cheap single family dwellings, the Usonian houses. These were for middle class families and advance them to gather in the same place. This encouraged the concrete slab roofs for the practicality and suggested a new concept for independent living. He was strictly at odds with the international odern movement. Although his use of slabs can be related to this movement, they were, in actuality, at odds with it due to this specifically American idea of living free in nature. He wanted to fuse function, structure, and idea while being inspired by natural forms. His whole obsession with community planning was based on the idea of spreading away from cities and moving more into suburban areas. He fantasized that people would be able to access the service aspects of urban communities and the facility aspects of rural areas all at the same time.

Friday, May 24, 2019

Differences in Programming Language

Answer The significance of the programming knowledge for the company is re every(prenominal)y great since the correct choice volition ensure proper connectivity, entranceibility, ease of maintenance and the complexity of the softwargon (Vine, 2005). Certain broad requirements can be obtained from the copy of the conversation amongst Hugh McBride of McBride Financial Services and Abram LaBelle of Smith Systems Consulting who discussed the ready reckoner ne twainrk needed for McBrides planned offices. By programming language, we mean the set of instructions that are written and called a program and the computer processor carries out the instructions. The significance of the programming is felt on the development and maintenance cost, ease of use, unprovoked availability of the application from different points, speed of access, features that can be provided in the application.A programming language such as Visual Basic is quite piano to learn and implement still the language d oes not allows for complex computations such as forecasting, gathering information, creating reports, etc. To perform complex operations, algorithms would have to be utilise and programming languages such as C++, C, and others are very much suited. nevertheless the cost of development and maintenance would be significantly higher. These languages are called as OOPS Object Oriented Programming Languages and they write the code around the entropy that has to be processed. In a majority of the cases, OOPS applications run on apply Intranets or WANs.The other set of programming languages are the web establish languages such as Java, .NET, HTML, PHP, etc. These languages allow the application to be web based and the software used is usually freely downloadable. Another set of programming languages are centred around Unix and Linux operating transcriptions. These are usually open source but very complex and requires a dedicated teams of developers and maintenance personnel (OBrien, et all, 2005).2. Differences in Web Based and WANs programming languages.Answer There are two broad requirements, one is the website that customers, sales staff and brokers would be using and the other is the back difference application that the staff would be using to complete their accounting and other tasks. The counterbalance possibilities is having a WAN that will have dedicated terminals, which can be placed in all the required areas. The terminal will be direct connected to a central server and since it is dedicated, only the Intranet of McBride Financial Services can be accessed. This kind of a system can be seen in ATMs and would require the application to be written in C++, have the user interface written in Delphi or other front end languages.The system would be connected to a powerful database that would be able to handle hundreds of connection requests. Systems written in C++ are very stable, crashing of the system is very rare, system response is very fast and most i mportant since it is a dedicated Intranet, hacking is not possible and can be immediately detected. But the development cost of such systems is huge, it becomes very complex, in house software programmers are required and software programming is not a core chore area of McBride Financial Services. Another alternative is to have a web based system that is written in Java or .NET. These systems also requires dear(predicate) programming but after the software is implemented, it can be easily retained by lesser expensive teams who are not skilled tolerable for programming but can set right small bugs and maintain the database.The case also requires a powerful database into which information can be uploaded and downloaded as required. In both possibilities, the database would remain same and only the call procedures would be different. Since security is a major concern, very strict trademark should be forced. For separately connection request, the IP number of the computer should b e verified and this can be done through web-based languages. Cookies should not be stored in the client computer and this prevents the possibility of another person getting information from public computers (Turban, et all, 2002).3. Recommendation for the applicationAnswer A web-based system is recommended since such a system can be accessed from anywhere in the world. A system written in Java or .NET can be implemented. Such programming languages can be easily maintained and less expensive and the work of maintenance can be outsourced as per the standard industry practice where back office operations are outsourced to legitimate parties at lower costs. The database can be either Oracle or IBM WebSphere since both have connectivity to the Internet and are web servers. Such servers have the optimum speed and there are lesser instances of slow speeds. Customers can access the application from cyber cafes, K Mart and other department stores and view the choices for financial plans.An online information processing system can be provided that will calculate the amount, premium, interest rates, etc. and customers can also provide their personal information. By using 128 bit encryption for authentication as used by PayPal, the chances of hackers getting into the system are very remote and this system can be stored in a central server. Employees will log into another server which will fetch data from the customers server and carry out their tasks. A robust gateway can be provided between the two servers and this further reduces hacking possibilities.To prevent the chances of crashes and data loss, it is recommended that day to day records be cached in mirror servers and this data can be written either dynamically or once in 12 hours. In the case of system crashes, data can be recovered from the mirror servers. To further prevent data loss, tape backups can be taken periodically and stored in Storage Area Networks. By providing such a system, customers and even staf f can access the system from anywhere and use secure login and authentication. If there is an unusually high suspicious activity in the network, then this can be seen as a hacking attempt and the system can be stopped either manually or through programs. Web based application will ensure that all the requirements are met (Olson, 2006).

Thursday, May 23, 2019

Measurement For Skin Absorption Health And Social Care Essay

Risk appraisal after cutaneal ikon to chemical merchandises requires percutaneous alky up information in order to correlate the impertinent exposure to dustic toxicity. High quality informations on transdermal dripping up atomic number 18 accomplished from world voluntary surveies. Although the usage of in vivo surveies is potently demotivated for ethical constrains. The behavior of these surveies is non imaginable for a immense figure of chemicals and other merchandises. As a consequence there was a turning demand for in vitro checks to find transdermal soaking up. The OECD in vitro TG for finding of cuticular soaking up accepts the usage of pelt of many mammalian species, and human cutis. Due to its high handiness, excised carnal pelt has been used widely for appraisal of transdermal soaking up of chemicals merchandises in homo. The usage of play being tegument for soaking up measuring is more than meaningful when a permeableness coefficient can be used for comparing with human informations. Thus one of the cardinal undertakings is the hunt for a nexus surrounded by in vitro carnal tegument soaking up proving and human surveies for anticipation of transdermal soaking up in worlds. Hence much(prenominal) a method can optimise the development of drugs and cut down the figure of human surveies needed. However repayable to the big figure of different animate being species reported, comparing is complex. Sm tout ensemble alterations in methodological analysis used with a specific tegument theoretical cipher, discase phonograph record temperature, receiving system media, application dosage and airing country can hold a serious impact on the cuticular soaking up. moreover no white-tie certainty method has been performed.In vitro and in vivo OECD compliant surveiesTransdermal soaking up can be measured utilizing in vivo or in vitro methods with worlds or animate beings.These soaking up trials need to be executed under conditions imitating those expected to happen during the exposures to be investigated for hazard appraisal. The intent of vitro surveies is that they can foretell in vivo soaking up when the appropriate methodological analysis for both methods is used ( WHO, 2006, p.79 ) . During in vivo experiments the microcirculation system ( blood and lymph vass ) whitethorn transport substances from the corium into the cardinal compartment ( reabsorption ) . In crease to in vivo reabsorption of a substance can non be sufficient evaluated in vitro ( SCCS, 2010, p.6 ) .In vivoThe rat is the nearly recognized species used in in vivo transdermal soaking up measuring ( OECD, 2004b, p.2 ) . The OECD 427 in vivo method defines the finding of the incursion of the trial compound ( or metabolites ) through the tegument into the systemic compartment. One or multiple doses of the trial substance, sooner radioactive-labeled sample, ar applied to the clipped tegument of the trial animate being for a described period. The expected h uman exposure defines the applied dosage and clip. The animate beings are later evaluated at periodic intervals for marks of toxicity, and day-to-day piss and fecal matters ( and sometimes expired air ) are sampled for the trial compound. Blood samples are compiled at regular intervals and when the animate being is killed. Distribution of the trial compound may be determined in interweave samples from the application site and the organic structure. The result of the measuring can be expressed as the rate, sum, or per centum of transdermal soaking up. Ad caravantages of the OECD 427 TG are the coevals of energizing information in a metabolically undamaged system ( OECD, 2004b, P.1 ) .In vitroIn vitro or ex in vivo experiments, have realized a important decrease in usage of trial animate beings. The in vitro trial is developed for the measuring of the permeableness of a trial substance across excised tegument. Distinct types of homo or animate being trim readyings can be applied. Th e excised tegument phonograph record is mounted in a inactive or flow-through ( dynamic ) diffusion chamber and the trial compound that penetrates the tegument is collected in a fluid reservoir. Ex in vivo human- and pig tegument are today the most often applied tegument types ( Sh & A auml fer et Al, 2008, p.161 ) .As illustrated in fig.1, beside the usage of in vitro informations as a standalone attack, and due to the extended usage of the rat in other toxicity surveies, a combination of three surveies ( in vivo rat/in vitro rat/in vitro human tegument ) increases truth of human cuticular soaking up appraisal ( OECD,2010, p.13.15 ) .2.2.1 Validation of in vitro diffusion cellsIt is normally recognized that most types of diffusion cells provide consistent measurings of skin soaking up rates for a scope of penetrants ( Chilcott et al, 2005, p. 633 ) . In a global field at different research labs the vacillation in transdermal soaking up was investigated in in-vitro diffusion cel l utilizing a mention silicone gum elastic membrane, there was no differences between inactive and flow-through cells in skin permeableness ( Jakasa, Kezic, 2008, p. 283 ) . In vitro measurings have been applied for many old ages for appraisal of transdermal soaking up, in malice of the absence of official proof surveies on the OECD 428 TG. Furthermore the OECD guidelines for in-vitro checks approved the use of assorted protocols ( Jakasa, Kezic, 2008, p.286 ) .Histological and permeableness differences between human and carnal theoretical accountsHuman tegument consists of three basic beds, that is, the casing corium and hypodermis. Above all the skin barrier map is provided by the cuticle. Dermal soaking up quantifies the incursion of compounds through this skin barrier into the tegument. The quality of the outer bed of the cuticle the stratum horny layer controls the velocity of cuticular soaking up. Human cuticle is comprised of 3-5 beds, and no blood capillaries are present. T he cuticle of the rat shows a higher(prenominal) denseness of hair follicles associated with greasy secretory organs, this difference in coat denseness obvious consequences in higher permeableness in in vitro tegument soaking up surveies ( Chilcott, 2008, p.13 ) . More in peculiar the histology of the porc ear tegument was compared to clamber of worlds. In general the consequences for stratum horny layer ponderousness and follicular denseness were similar for both skin theoretical accounts ( Jacobi et al, 2007, p.22 ) .The entire lipid content measured in hog cuticular pieces resembles better to the human as for the rat ( Gray, Yardley, 1975, p.434 ) . From histological position the hog is the most relevant species for foretelling in vitro human soaking up, in comparing to human tegument. On the other manus the rat is the most often used species in systemic toxicity testing, particularly due to the low cost, and handiness of historical informations ( Ross, Dong, Krieger, 2000, p.53 ) .Intra-species coefficient of correlation between in vitro and in vivo measuring for skin soaking upThe correlativity between in vivo and in vitro transdermal soaking up ( IVIV ) is illustrated for human and rat.In human fundamentally the permeableness features of excised stratum horny layer are consistent with those from in vivo. A more in depth analyze was carried-out utilizing publications informations for skin soaking up following in vitro and in vivo trial protocols. In entire 92 measurings in vitro/in vivo were compiled out of 30 publications primarily from toxicological- and drug developmental countries. The IVIV correlativity or ratio between in vitro/in vivo soaking up was examined by a mathematic theoretical account, utilizing the entire soaking up as the cardinal parametric quantity for comparing.The mean correlativity IVIV for the complete used information set was 1.6. Nevertheless fluctuation between an maven illustration could lift up to ratios of 20 crease. On the other manus less than 3 fold difference was observed in 85 % of the informations ( Lehman, Raney, Franz, 2011, p. 225 ) . some other illustration is given for the rat. For all examined compounds in vitro rat skin soaking up was superior to in vivo consequences. From a regulative point of position this may be of usage for a first tier rating ( van Ravenzwaay, Leibold, 2004, p.421 ) .Inter-species correlativity between in vitro and in vivo measuring for skin soaking upDue to fluctuation in composing and construction of the stratum horny layer, cuticular thickness ( table 2 ) , and denseness of hair follicles in the tegument, there are real differentiations among the assorted animate beings and compared to human ( Jakasa, Kezic, 2008, p.284 ) .A considerable correlativity between animate being and human tegument soaking up can be studied by measuring of permeableness coefficients. Inter-species differences in cuticular soaking up are known since long. Brandau and Lippon reported in 1982 that inter-species permeableness followed the following be from higher to lower soaking up coney & A gt rat & A gt guinea-pig & A gt mini-pig & A gt Rhesus monkey & A gt adult antheral ( EU, 2004, P.4-5 ) . From a quantitative point of position rat tegument is 10 times more permeable as human tegument. This was concluded from in vivo informations. ( van Ravenzwaay, Leibold, 2004, p.421 ) . Several surveies have ranked skin incursion rates for different species and concluded that a similar relation ranking is applicable for other compounds. This close is non good founded because the original probe encompasses merely a limited figure of substances ( Vecchia, Bunge, 2005, p.327 ) .6 Conclusion and recommendationsThe relevancy of in vitro surveies for foretelling in vivo skin soaking up can non be underestimated. Dermal toxicity testing is carried out to determine local and or systemic effects of a chemical due to topical exposure. It may supply a suggestion that th e compound penetrates the tegument if it leads to systemic toxicity, but the measure of chemical absorbed is non quantified by this cuticular toxicity vignette ( ECVAM, 2002 ) . As a effect more exact in vitro anticipation of in vivo tegument soaking up is a turning aspect of regulative surveies. In instances where no transdermal soaking up informations is obtained for a compound, it is accepted that 100 % of the chemical topical applied is systemically available. This is a extremist and conservative policy, and more precise information on transdermal soaking up will take to more comprehensive hazard direction for chemicals ( Jakasa, Kezic, 2008, p.281 ) .In vitro surveies present a figure of benefits compared to volunteer homo or animate being surveies, among which time- and cost nest eggs, improved duplicability for transdermal soaking up, and lower fluctuation due to less restricted parametric quantity ( WHO, 2006, p.38 ) . Important advancement is made in standardisation of in vitro transdermal soaking up, but betterment in correlativity between in vivo informations, has non yet been realized ( Jakasa, kezic, 2008, p. 282 ) . Still variableness is a cardinal job in in vitro transdermal soaking up measuring ( Chilcott et al, 2005, p.633 ) .Cuticular soaking up experiments following the OECD TG 428 and TG 427 have been accepted by the EU governments, although they are widely applied without go throughing an detailed proof procedure as it is common pattern today ( SCCS, 2010, p.8 ) . It is known that fluctuation in in vitro permeableness measuring may be caused by the mathematical usage of different tegument theoretical accounts ( WHO, 2006, p.17 ) , but the OECD 428 TG still allows the usage of these different theoretical accounts ( OECD, 2004a, p.3 ) . Therefore it is recommended that for hazard appraisal one criterion tegument beginning should be internationally accepted ( WHO, 2006, p.124 ) . Human tegument is a valuable option, nevertheless it is non e asy to acquire all the clip. Further human tegument samples from venters, human leg, or chest and in add-on full thickness ( 500-1000m ) human tegument samples are recommend ( OECD, 2010, p.10 ) in order to derogate fluctuation. instantly in pattern rat and hog tegument are the most favourable in in vitro transdermal soaking up experiments. An in vitro survey in rat tegument in isolation of other information is most likely of restricted regulative significance due to overrating of skin soaking up. Pig skin tissue is a good option but particular competency is urging ( OECD, 2010, p.9 ) .This fluctuation in skin barrier map among different species finds its beginning in morphological differences particularly fluctuations in the denseness of hair follicles and histological differences in degrees of free fatty acids and triglycerides that pop to be important factors for fluctuation ( Netzlaff et al, 2006, p.499 ) .Beside the acknowledgment of one gold criterion tegument type for bot h in vitro and in vivo soaking up. Extra probe is indispensable to heighten and standardise methodological analysis to cut down variableness in in vitro transdermal soaking up experiments. Additional infixed and external quality controls such as validated analytical methods, cross-check made with a high quality criterion substance, cogent evidence of skin barrier public presentation and appropriate tegument readying are needed. Besides the usage of a mention membrane and standard substance as an secondary control is urging ( WHO, 2006, p.124 ) . Reconstructed human cuticle ( RHE ) may function as high-quality mention membrane ( Sch & A auml fer et Al, 2008, p.183 ) . Testosterone, caffeine, or benzoic acids are proposed as standard substance for proof during the executing of soaking up checks. Unfortunately the OECD TG 428 does non demand this standard substances/membrane to be measured together with the survey under reappraisal ( OECD, 2010, p11 ) . Therefore a reappraisal of th e OECD guideline from 2004 is recommended.Alternatively important correlativity between animate being and human theoretical account based on permeableness coefficients can supply grounds of unity of the usage theoretical account ( Vecchia, Bunge, 2005, p.306 ) . For some systems a correlativity is found between in vitro/in vivo informations obtained in animate being and in worlds. However there are besides many instances turn outing low correlativities. Today merely a little sum of validated correlativities have been published ( Godin, Touitou, 2007, p.8 ) . More attending should be paid to correlate in vitro and in vivo informations ( WHO, 2006, p.125 ) . specially for specific classs of chemicals such as pesticides, cosmetics and industrial chemicals where extra probe may ensue in development of a more altered and elaborate propose paperss ( Jakasa, Kezic, 2008, p.286 ) .Appendix TablesTable 1 Appraisal of skin soaking up utilizing combination of surveies.Animalin vivoHumanin v ivoAnimalin vitroHumanin vitroTable 2 Cuticular thickness in different groupsSkin scoursThickness in mMentionsHog ear72Jacobi et Al, 2007, p.22Human shoulder70Jacobi et Al, 2007, p.22Rat32Godin, Touitou,2007, p.3Rabbit norm10-29Parchami, Dehkordi,2010, p.610

Wednesday, May 22, 2019

Cannabis and Marijuana Plants

marihuana Marijuana is a psychoactive drug, and is the most(prenominal) controversial of these types of drugs. The reason being is that thither atomic number 18 so umpteen myths and misc at a measureptions that surround marihuana. It is non clear or so the addiction potential, physical and psychological problems of hemp. . Marijuana is the third most popular recreational drug in America behind entirely alcoholic drink and tobacco, and has been employ by nearly 100 million Ameri natess ( marijuana). Marijuana is widely use and it is estimated that nearly 25% of Americans have used marijuana once in their lives and that 2-5 million people use it daily despite it being illegal.Marijuana is a mixture of crushed take outs, flowers, small branches, stems, and seed of the hemp plant. This plant grows outflank in tropical climates and can be found throughout the world. Most countries cultivate this plant on purpose. Cannabis Indica species can withstand colder climates (Marijuan a, history of,) If marijuana were to become a cash crop it would be the largest grown in the United States. It is one of the most comm just now used drugs in the world, following caffeine, nicotine, and cloudburst beverages in the popularity.In the United States, where the route of admission is usually hummer, it also has been called weed, grass, pot, or reefer (Marijuana, history of,). Marijuana is a depressant. The burdens of marijuana may variegate with its strength and dosage and with the state of mind of the user. High doses can fare tachycardia, paranoia, and delusions (Marijuana, history of,). Marijuana can also have a psychedelic effect in high doses. With this being said, marijuana is classified as both a depressant and a psychedelic.Marijuana does produce some of the same effects as hallucinogens like a LSD or mescaline, but it differs chemically and pharmacologically. Marijuana is made up of many chemicals. There are currently 426 known compounds in the plant. When m arijuana is burned there are 1500 additional compounds that are formed. The chemical compounds that are found in marijuana only are called cannabinoids. These cannabinoids are the most active and mind-altering ingredients in marijuana. The primary active component of marijuana is delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), although other cannabin derivatives are also thought to be intoxicating.In 1988 scientists discovered receptors that attach THC on the membranes of nerve cells. They reasoned that the body must birth its own THC-like substance. The substance, named anandamide, was isolated from pig brains in 1992 by an American pharmacologist, William A. Devane (Marijuana, history of,). The metier of marijuana is determined by the get of THC present. All the parts of the plant have different concentrations of THC. So the mixture of the plant material used and the conditions of how the plant was grown determines the potency of this drug sold on the street.The root of this plant has no THC value, the stalk have very little value, there is some THC found in the branches, there is a moderate amount of THC found in the leaves(male has 5 leaves and female has 7 leaves), and the highest amount of THC concentration will be found in the buds, flowers and seeds. The concentration of THC has affixd over the past 30 years. Marijuana is 25 to 40 times much potent than it was in the 1960s, its up from . 2% to 5-8% pure today. Marijuana dates back to 2700 B. C. in ancient China. The plant was used to groom rope, cloth, and paper from its fiber.It was during this time that the resins, flowers, and leaves from the plant could also be used for medical use. It was used to treat gout, malaria, and gas pains. It was by 500 B. C. that the Chinese put a ban of the use of the plant because of it unpredictable intoxicating effects. Marijuana was introduced into ancient India mainly for the mind altering effects. Marijuana was used in religious ceremonies the euphoria producing ab ility. It didnt take yen for the plant to be recognized for its intoxicating effects and its value in making rope and cloth.In America the public didnt show any interest in marijuana as a recreational drug. It was just used in medicines. It was primarily prescribed legally for a numerous physical and mental aliments until 1940. In fact when Congress passed the Harrison Narcotics Act in 1914, many drugs were removed from the marketplace, but it excluded marijuana. It was not until the prohibition of alcohol that marijuana smoking became prominent. The Mexican immigrants were introducing marijuana along the Mexican border, while West Indian sailors were bringing it into the Gulf States.People no longer could legally use alcohol in and get their intoxicating effects so smoking marijuana became very popular. It became apparent in the 1930s that marijuana was being abused and there was an increase in violence because of its use. Tales were beginning to spread of the effects, murder, rap e, sexual excess, and memory loss from using marijuana. The federal government tried to scare the public with a film called reefer madness, but it actually did much than harm than good. In 1935 the states took action and started passing their own laws towards non-medical use of marijuana.In 1937 the federal government stepped up and passed a Marijuana Tax Act that prohibited the use of all non-medical marijuana, the possession and use of cannabis nationwide. Marijuana came back on the scene during the reality War II era. It was extensively cultivated during the World War II era, when Asian sources of hemp were cut off (Marijuana, history of,). It was commercially grown. The Philippines were being invaded by the Japanese so there was no sisal plant to make rope. American farmers were actually encouraged to the marijuana plants for rope production.Birds loved the seeds of this plant and when they would leave their droppings it would start wild plants of marijuana to grow throughout the United States. Marijuana became a very popular drug of choice because of its availability. Today marijuana is a widely used illegal drug among many ethnic groups. Hispanics are among 9. 2 percent of users non-Hispanic blacks (7. 7% , nearly 8 percent of females used marijuana in the past year vs. 14% of males used in the past year) non-Hispanic whites (6. 7%, nearly 7 percent vs. 11 percent) Asian/ pacific Islanders (2. 0%, 2% vs. 7. %) South Americans (4. 2%, more than 4% vs. 13 percent). It can be found on the street for a price of $250-500 ounce depending on where it is bought. The cheapest is in Oregon at $258 ounce and most expensive in Washington D. C. at $486 ounce. Age itself is one of the most significant variables in understanding marijuana use. Past-year use of marijuana increased with age, to a peak prevalence of about 23 percent among 18 -25 year olds, before declining to about 44 percent among someones aged 35 and older. Among adults, male smoking rates for mari juana are nearly twice those for females.IN the total surveyed population, males were about 70% more likely than females to have used marijuana in the past year (11 percent versus 6. 7, nearly 7 percent). The only exception to the data showing more male smokers of marijuana than females egests among children and teens. There still remains controversy over the medical uses of marijuana. Proponents are saying that it is useful for treating pain and the nausea and vomiting that are side effects of cancer chemotherapy and for restoring the appetite in people with AIDS (Marijuana, history of,) Modern research uggests that cannabis is a valuable aid in the treatment of a wide range of clinical applications. These include pain relief-in particular (neuropathic pain), nausea, plasticity, glaucoma, and movement disorders. Marijuana is also a powerful appetite stimulant, specifically for patients suffering from HIV, the AIDS wasting syndrome, or dementia (Marijuana). What are the acute effec ts of marijuana? Marijuana can reach the brain through the bloodstream in less(prenominal) than 30 seconds of smoking a joint. It delivers a physical and psychological effect rather quickly.The peak of the effects is usually reached by the time smoking is finished. If a person wants these effects to last longer they would have to consume the marijuana orally from brownies for example. This would allow the marijuana to be absorbed into the dust much longer and these effects would last over 2-3 hours. It only takes a single use of marijuana to impair a persons ride coordination. The person who just used marijuana may think that they are just fine, but they are really clumsy. This kind of thinking from a person under the influence only spells disaster waiting to happen.A person under the influence of marijuana and their ability to follow a moving stimulus is greatly diminished and can last up to 4-8 hours beyond the point of intoxication. This would interfere with their driving skill s. Also their ability to perceive light will be significantly impaired and would be a major risk for someone operating heavy machinery. Marijuana has some serious physical effects on a person. Although legalization activists and many marijuana users believe smoking pot has no negative effects, scientific research indicates that marijuana use can cause many different wellness problems (The health effects of marijuana, n. . ) . Smoking a single joint of marijuana is the equivalent of smoking 15 cigarettes. Marijuana has at least(prenominal) 50% more tar and carcinogenic materials than cigarettes. Because marijuana is not filtered it enters the lungs at a temperature hotter than cigarette smoke and thus drying and irritating the tissues in the lung. Marijuana has been shown to increase the oculus rate. Within a few minutes after smoking marijuana, the heart begins beating more rapidly and the blood pressure drops.Marijuana can cause the heart beat to increase by 20 to 50 beats per m inute, and can increase even more if other drugs are used at the same time (The health effects of marijuana, n. d. ) It is because of the lower blood pressure and higher heart rate that the researchers have found that a person smoking marijuana has a 4 times greater risk of heart attack compared to them not smoking marijuana. If a person is aware that they have heart disease they should avoid the use of marijuana. Marijuana can hurt the immune system of a persons lungs.Smoking marijuana can paralyze or destroy the anti-infection white blood cells of the lungs. It is because of this that most smokers will develop laryngitis, pharyngitis, bronchitis, cough, hoarseness, and dry throat. Research indicates that THC impairs the bodys immune system from fighting disease, which can cause a wide variety of health problems. One study found that marijuana actually inhibited the disease-preventing actions of key immune cell (The health effects of marijuana, n. d. ) . There have been recent stud ies that show marijuana can depress T cells.The depressing of T-lymphocyte functions known as killer T cells would make a person more susceptible to the AIDS infection. The greatest concern is the fact that marijuana is a drug. Some of the most profound effects occur in the brain. Marijuana produces a sense of euphoria, but it also produces anxiety, confusion and if used heavily-drug induced psychosis. Not to mention the effects on reflexes, vision, and motor coordination. Marijuana has effects on long-term memory, because studies suggest that marijuana will fill a synaptic gap between brain cells which stops the flow of electric signals.Marijuana users experience burn-out or amotivational syndrome from regular use. They have a lack of concern for the future, loss of motivation, loss of ambition, loss of effectiveness, dullness, diminished ability to carry out long term planning, difficulty in concentration, intermittent confusion, impaired memory, and a decline in work and school p erformance. There are treatments for marijuana disorders. Marijuana colony may appear to be very similar to other substance dependence disorders, but the long term clinical outcomes may be less severe.The adults who are seeking treatment for marijuana abuse or dependence have used marijuana nearly every day for more than 10 years and have attempted to quit more than six times (Marijuana abuse,). Let it be noted that marijuana dependence is most familiar in patients that are suffering from other psychiatric disorders, who are mostly adolescents or young adults. Usually dependence in marijuana co-occurs with other drugs such as cocaine and alcohol. Studies indicate that effectively treating the mental health disorder with standard treatments involving medications and behavioral therapies may help reduce annabis use, particularly among heavy users and those with more chronic mental disorders. Behavioral treatments, such as motivational enhancement therapy (MET), group or individual cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), and contingency management (CM), as well as family-based treatments, have shown promise (Marijuana abuse,). Success rates of those seeking treatment are modest and even the most effective treatment for adults will only achieve 50% abstinence in a 2 week period. Those that do achieve a full two week abstinence, more than half(a) will resume use within a year.Across studies, 1 year abstinence rates have ranged between q0 and 30 percent for the various behavioral approaches (Marijuana abuse,). This data suggest that a more chronic care model should be considered for marijuana addiction. The intensity of the treatment can be stepped up or down based on the patients need. The availability of family and other supports are needed. There are currently no medications to treat the abuse of marijuana, but there is ongoing research being conducted. The studies are mostly targeting the withdrawal syndrome of marijuana.For example, a recent human laboratory s tudy showed that a combination of a cannabin agonist medication with loffexidine ( a medication approved in the United Kingdom for the treatment of opioid withdrawal) produced more robust improvements in sleep and decreased marijuana withdrawal, craving, and relapse in daily marijuana smokers relative to either medication alone(Marijuana abuse,). There have been recent discoveries about endogenous cannabin systems privileged workings. It raises the possibility of a future medication that would be able to block THCs intoxicating effects.This would prevent patients from relapsing by eliminating marijuanas appeal. References Abbott, A. (2010). Alcohol tobacco and other drugs (2nd ed. ). Washington, DC NASW Press. Colorado and washington legalized marijuana today, what happens now? (2012, November). Retrieved from http//blog. norml. org/2012/11/08/colorado-and-washington-legalized-marijuana-tuesday-what-happens-now/ Demographics of marijuana users. (n. d. ). Retrieved from http//www. o pposingviews. com/i/gov-t-stats-reveal-demographics-of-adult-marijuana-users Drug facts marijuana. (n. d. ). Retrieved from

Tuesday, May 21, 2019

Lincoln-Douglas

The significance of the capital of Nebraska-Douglas debates for the political history of America is hard to overestimate. Therefore, careful analysis of these debates can be extremely educational and enlightening. This paper will focus on three main aspects of the analysis, namely the causes of the debates, the content of the debates, and the results of the debates.The capital of Nebraska-Douglas debates were a series of seven debates during the Illinois senatorial step on it of 1858 between Republican Abraham Lincoln and the Democratic incumbent, Stephen A. Douglas. The candidates were sharply divided on the issue of thraldom. Before Lincoln announced a formal challenge, the candidates spoke in turn in the cities of Chicago and Springfield. Thus, Lincoln suggested speaking to the same audiences at one time by writing the following to DouglasWill it be harmonised to youto make an arrangement for you and myself to divide time, and address the same audiences during the present canva ss? (Encarta, 2007, para. 3).Scrutinizing the social and political circumstances at the time of the election campaign, it is necessary to grade the Kansas-Nebraska Act, sponsored by Douglas, allowing slavery in the U.S. territories north of latitude 3630 if there citizens agreed to it, and the U.S. Supreme Court Dred Scott decision of 1857, allowing masters to bring slaves into remedy territory without any alterations in the legal status of a slave. Therefore, the Supreme Court Dred Scott decision entered into a contradiction with the Kansas-Nebraska Act (Encarta, 2007).As for the content of the debate, Lincolns main focus was the human rights issue implicitly present in the debate on slavery. He told the audience that slavery violated the closure of Independence and was firmly determined to portray the practice of slavery as evil and immoral. For his class, Douglas paid considerable maintenance to legal technicalities, such as the commandment of popular sovereignty under whic h inhabitants were able to decide whether they would accept slavery in their territory (Encarta, 2007).However, this principle with its self-proclaimed neutrality toward whether slavery was voted up or voted down, was a sheer absurdity on its face, according to Lincoln (Jaffa, 1999, p. 31).Lincoln employed all his rhetorical skills to prove the moral and ethical unacceptability of slavery. He withal perceived the sharp division over the issue of slavery as a threat to national unity. When accepting his nomination, he said the following vocabularyA house divided against itself can non stand. I believe this Government cannot endure permanently half-slave and half-free (University of Houston, 2008, para. 4).He also argued that the Kansas-Nebraska Act and the Supreme Courts Dred Scott decision were a part of conspiracy aimed at legalizing slavery in the entire territory of the United States.Douglas, in turn, focused on the right to self-government, which he saw as world of preeminent importance. However, as the debates progressed, Douglas started to clash Lincolns position directly and accused him of favoring black Americans over whites. He ended up picturing his obstructor as a radical politician inciting tension and possible civil war. Lincoln denied this and voiced his support for the Fugitive Slave Law and the existence of slavery in the territories where such practice had been already established.The issue of slavery was debated in the light of the prospect of granting citizenship to black Americans. Douglas was fiercely opposed to such a notion, piece of music Lincoln took the middle ground by recognizing black citizens right to life, liberty, and economic freedom while being wary astir(predicate) the acceptability of bringing about in any way the social and political equality of the white and black races (University of Houston, 2008, para. 10).The two candidates also had opposing views on the institutional nature of slavery. Douglas was confident(p) t hat slavery could not exist without the support of friendly local anesthetic legislation and was essentially a dying practice. Thus, his suggestion was to treat it as a local problem to be decided by inhabitants of a certain territory. Local residents, in his view, could de facto outlaw this practice by refusing to pass legislation protecting blank space right of slave ownersSlavery cannot exist a day or an hour anywhereunless it is supported by local police regulations (University of Houston, 2008, para. 12).On the contrary, Lincoln believed that slavery, with its status undecided, had a potential of spreading quickly on the nationwide scale. As concerns the results of the race, Lincoln lost it, yet, in his own words, it was a slip and not a fall (University of Houston, 2008, para. 15).Lincolns popularity was boosted greatly by the series of debates, which, in turn, contributed to his victory in the Presidential race of 1860. However, the debates had far-reaching implications by a ttracting public attention to the issues of slavery and human rights as well as establishing the tradition of formal debates between candidates for a governmental post.ReferencesJaffa, Harry V. (1999). Crisis of the House Divided An Interpretation of the Issues in the Lincoln-Douglas Debates, Revised Ed. Chicago University Of Chicago Press.Microsoft Encarta Online Encyclopedia. (2007). Lincoln-Douglas Debates. Retrieved January 20, 2008, from http//encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_1741500415/Lincoln_Douglas_Debates.htmlUniversity of Houston. (2008). The Lincoln-Douglas Debates. Retrieved January 20, 2008, from http//www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/database/article_display.cfm?HHID=336

Monday, May 20, 2019

Assignment: What is Diversity

I was asked to do an assignment where I have to question 10 students about what is the meaning of transmutation because we hear so much about diversity. But when I asked citizenry what they mean by it, I got different answers. Every time when I mentioned Diversity, it got a bad disaster because some of them related it to affirmative action, and because theres a lot of fear surrounding it. So I notice that the word conjures up negative feelings sometimes.While some were saying that diversity only refers to skin color, which is not always correct, others found it as a misconception. For them, it relates to differences in gender, race, religious background, ethnicity, age and background. It also differs from other aspects such as your educational level or your family status. You can find a lot of diversity in businesses and your childrens schools. But what they had in common was that Diversity affects our lives every day.Everywhere we go, no matter what city, state, or country you travel to, you will always be surrounded by diversity. This can be both a good and a bad thing. However, diversity is a part of our daily lives and it is something that we must nobble to live with. I think that some of their answers applied to Diversity Myths because there were some of them who think that diversity is to be feargond because it is measured in many different ways.Gender, sexual orientation, religion and even geographical differences argon just a few that affect diversity. People of different situations tend to react differently to diversity. It whitethorn depend on where you live or how you were raised and also what is accepted in our society. But they are not in accord with the concept that Diversity is a new phenomenon. It is true that it has been used in the past but the fact is that now we hear the word a lot, so much so that some people call it the D word.

Sunday, May 19, 2019

Foundations of Online Learning Essay

We be in an suppurate where electronic devices have consumed our lives. You gouget even think of leaving your home or built in bed without some kind of electronic gizmo. Think of how these electronic devices and technology have changed the way we think, computers and portable devices atomic number 18 doing all the thinking for us. Students today rely on these gizmos and have forgotten about the core rudiments of learning and are not learning the basic skills. As you read through this re count makeup I will c all over electronics in todays schooldaysing, lack of penmanship, social bearers, and online schooling. Walk into either school classroom today and they are filled with laptops, projectors, smart boards, and other electronic gizmos. Schools are relying much(prenominal) and more on technology to teach our students. There is nothing wrong with technology, but have strayed a way of teaching the basic fundamentals of spelling and writing.Computers today have embraced our classrooms with kids go accustomed to them in everyday life. Between September 1984 and September 1997 alone, the number of computers in Americas K-12 schools increased to more than 8 million units. By 2014 it is expected there will be over one million computers available to students worldwide. In 1994 only 3% of schools had internet access, by 2005 that number had reached 94% and the ratio of students to instructional computers with Internet access in public schools was 3.8 to 1. Even with all these high tech gadgets, children still having to go to computer labs or the back of classrooms (Budig 2010). Books are starting to stick a thing of the past as schools look to laptops, tablet, and eBook computers. Tablet computers allow a student to digitally write and erase their work, while allowing a student to also use it as a computer to do word processing, view books and search internet.A laptop just allows a student to do word processing, view books and the internet. oer the hold couple of years a new device called an eBook has taken over. It is allowing schools to replace classroom books with one device, the bonnie eBook can store over 160 books saving schools millions of dollars. California spends over 350 million annually on schools books and is looking to eBooks which cost only 300.00 (Tran 2009). Today kids are turning in their pencils for keyboards. Penmanship is starting to become a lost art as schools teach less writing and commission more on computer keyboarding. In 1995 adults were resorting to printing instead of cursive to make their correspondence understood. As of 2002 only a quarter of 12th grade students could write a decent essay. Even worse only 2 percent wrote really well (Brush 2011).In Canada children in first grade are expected to tranquilize and edit simple text documents. By the third grade they are expected to type an email. If its keyboarding vs. penmanship, I think penmanship loses out, just because of the packed curriculum. Its something that you need time to do, says Susan Whelehan, an elementary school teacher in Toronto (Schmidt, 2005). Students are relying more on computers today to do the work for them and practicing penmanship less. kind media and video games have taken over our lives and kids are interacting less with each other. Fifteen years past kids would play outside and use their imaginations, today they sit in scarer of a TV or computer.On average 2-5 year old spend 32 hours a week in front of TV while 6-11 years old spend 28 hours (Boyse, 2010). According to the Kaiser Family Foundation that for more than 7 1/2 hours a day, American children ages 8 to 18 are tethered to computers, plugged into MP3 players, observance TV or playing video, computer or handheld games and for much of that time, doing several at erstwhile (Healy, 2010). With all that time kids are also turning to sites like Facebook and MySpace. These sites are causing kids to stay in front of a computer which they are los ing interaction with children and causing social barriers. Online learning has taken over the classroom with its flexibility to teach students.Schools have come a long way from the slide shows and reel-reel video, today they have turned to Computer establish Training (CBT) and Multi Media. In 2004 it was estimated that 37 percent of school districts had students winning technology-supported distance education courses. Today over a million high school students are enrolled in some kind of distant learning.CBT training has become a standard in training students from indicant to math and has been very effective. CBTs give a student a fun way to learn without them intentional it. Flexibility is the key with CBTs. If students are having trouble in one area the program can focus more, if a student is excelling it can push the student harder. CBTs have become a great judging tool for teachers and allows them more flexibility.Another great tool in the classroom has been slide shows and smart boards. age ago teachers would print material out on transparencies and project them on screens. Today teachers can frame of reference slideshows which provide more detail and flexibility. When you incorporate a smart board this allows the ability of interaction with the slideshow.Over the past 20 years our learning environment has seen a complete over all. We demand training at our fingertips and on a moments notice. Electronic devices fill our daily lives from social media, nurture at our fingertips, and having them do simple tasks. We have become a nation that wants things easy. Our lives are disrupted if we cant check Facebook every minute of the day. With that technology has done great things for our schools but has hindered some also. Students are relying on computers to do everything for them and we are losing key elements of learning. Penmanship, spelling, and grammar have been lost to word-processing. Teachers are being replaced to Computer Based Training, but wit h new technology changing everyday you never know what maybe robot teachers is abuttingReferencesSchmidt, S. (2005, January 22). Keyboard threatens writing skills For next generation. The art of cursive writing may be a dying one. The Gazette.Retrieved from http//www.lexisnexis.com.ezproxy1.apus.edu/hottopics/lnacademic/?verb=sr&csi=8422&sr=lni%284F9K-YHB0-TWD3-Y248%29 Budig, G. A. (2010, March 31). Technology an integral part of todays education system. Retrieved from http//www2.ljworld.com/ tidings/2010/mar/31/technology-integral-part-todays- education-system/Tran, M. (2009, June 09). Arnold Schwarzenegger to scrap school textbooks in favour ofebooks. Retrieved from http//www.guardian.co.uk/world/2009/jun/09/arnold-schwarzenegger-school-textbooks-ebooksBrush, D. C. (2011, September 06). Penmanship becoming a lost art. Retrieved fromhttp//crossville-chronicle.com/opinion/x601175799/RANDOM-THOUGHTS-Penmanship-becoming-a-lost-artBoyse, K. C. (2010, August). Television and Children. Retrieved from http//crossville-chronicle.com/opinion/x601175799/RANDOM-THOUGHTS-Penmanship-becoming-a-lost-artHealy, M. (2010, August). Teenage social media butterflies may not be such a bad idea. LosAngeles Times. Retrieved from http//articles.latimes.com/2010/may/18/science/la-sci-socially-connected-kids-20100518

Saturday, May 18, 2019

The Birth of Complex Cells

Having more than understanding of how the process of scientific inquiry works, t he more I felt that science is a result Of efforts made by scientists finished the accumulation of time. For example, in club to provide an evidence that the SST art of a complex mobile phones begins with having an ancestral cells hosting other surviving cells, scientists first involve to search for an evidence that that living cell did exist.The n, they have to provide an evidence HOW did the host cells symbiosis with the living c Hence, being able to see how science is conducted, I really appreciate all the persistency and patience the scientists put into a research just to find ONE evidence to support/ override a theory. 2. The osmosis and strawberry DNA origin lab allows me to understand h owe our cell membrane works and what it is made for. With the osmosis lab I understood odd how water follows from low concentration to high, and this essay is important NT to how he nutrients argon transpo rted in and out of our cell through osmosis.From the strawberry DNA extraction lab, we first added detergent to dissolve the outer membrane causing the strawberry DNA to isolate from the put down of the residua product. This allows us to know that membranes are made of lipids, which dish solve in detergent, giving us more clue on how did our ancestral cells endoscopies NT another living cell by making its way through the membrane. After reading this article I still wonder, in the beginning when the complex c alls are forming, why didnt the ancestral cell tell the living cell apart from itself?Why our ancestral cell didnt just eat and dissolve that living cell, instead symbiosis with I t? 4. 1 resembling the way the article discuss not only about the different possibilities of how a cell efficacy have formed, but also the point of views the scientists have now an d then. Another thing I really enjoy reading about this article is that it carefully written out all the stairs a scien tist did to conduct an experiment, including the challenges a d the outcome he received.Yet, on the other hand, I witness like this paragraph contain s way too much information needed for a beginner in biology to understand, include ding all the definitions of biological terms. 5. Yes, this paper really allows a student in biology to understand the origin of a cell, and how we became to be. Yet, I WOUld recommend this project to be assign eater on in the class because it contains great amount of information, and students wow old date better corresponding to the knowledge they have.

Cyber Security: Threats, Response and Improvement

cyberspace, or the earnings as an interchangeable reference, is the electronic medium of computer networks and systems in which online communication and enterprise takes tush. Origin in ally, the Internet served to unite laboratories engaged in organisation interrogation. However, since 1994, the de profoundized Internet has expanded to serve millions of users and a multitude of purposes in all parts of the initiation. With this shift from governing tool to general tool, the Internet has become a corporate result of ideas, beliefs and initiatives.M either aspects of our day-to-day lives can be traced along the Internet through with(predicate) some stratum of electronic function. In addition to its wide reaching powers with regards to the spread of tuition, the Internet has also become the roughly democratic and universal form of mass media ever known, since no one entity has a monopoly over the information available, thus making moderate close to impossible. Clearly, In ternet employment in todays humans is no longer viewed as a nonessential luxury. Usage and content has exponentially risen to a level of precious proportion that requires its own atomic number 18a of precautions and supervision.The distal govern of context that Cyberspace commands is the hindquarters for a host of protective cover issues and challenges that anyone that utilizes the Internet is made aw are of daily. There is a festering ken in todays globalized world of the imminent dangers that may befell anyone that isnt careful of their Internet usage. Cybercrimes such as theft, fraud and identify theft, to name a few, pose as ominous holy terrors to the credential of any individual or enterprise that engages the Internet at any given time.Read thisChapter 2 why Security is NeededNot only are these threats that individuals are subjected to, but also threats that the US government has been forced to acknowledge as it becomes change magnitudely dependent on the inter net as a route of life. Based on the combination of the new widespread use of the internet, as well as governments and worlds dependence on the internet for daily life, cyber security has become the new face to the Statesn foreign policy, national security, forces and falsification strategies and stinting stability.As President Obama explained, the growing number of onslaughts on our cyber networks has become one of the most serious economic and national security threats our nation faces. This increased threat explains the increase in the cyber security field, line of work force work, watchdog groups and government agencies over the other(prenominal) decade. Cyber security, as the field has been coined, is varied and ranges from the local, state and national levels, all with the purpose of regulating and policing the ill effects of Cyberspace usage.Responding to Threats. The increase of security threats has forced the united States government to meet these new challenges a nd implement strategies towards the safeguarding and integrity of its scathing infrastructures, as well as against an extensive gamut of state and non-state actors that do non adhere to physical borders. The United States government is responsible for the supervisory defend and data acquisitions (SCADA) of the entire nation. SCADA has seen a growing dependence of comminuted infrastructures and industrial automation on interconnected physical and cyber based control systems.There has been a growing and previously unforeseen cyber security threat to these systems, which include industrial control systems, computer systems that monitor and control industrial, infrastructure, or facility-based unconscious processes. These censorious infrastructures include areas such as water treatment and distribution plants, wastewater disposition and treatment plants, oil and gas pipelines, electrical power transmission and distribution generators, wind farms, civil defense siren systems and l arge communication systems.Although most critical infrastructures are in the insular sector, governments at divers(a) levels perform many key functions with regard to these infrastructures. Among those key functions are national defense, homeland security, emergency response, taxation, remittances to citizens, central bank activities, criminal justice, and public health. These functions and others now depend upon information networks and systems. Thus, it is the duty of the government by justness to secure their information systems in order to permit essential services that is critical to the continuity of government. governments role in cyber security is warranted in cases where high transaction bes or effective barriers lead to significant coordination problems cases in which governments operate in the absence of private sector forces resolution of motivator problems that lead to under provisioning of critical shared resources and raising awareness. 7 Policy review Curren t cyber security policy has been adjusted to reflect the clear and present danger associated with cyber warfare. The Obama Administration has identified several areas in which cyber security will be greatly impacted.Its near term strategy, which in effect is the Administrations immediate focus, is the most vigorous strategy, and includes the listing and identification of the conceptation of a cyber security directorate, establishes cyber security as a management priority, proposes a cyber security action plan that develops a simulation for research and festering strategies that focus on game-changing technologies that have the potential to enhance the security, reliability, resilience, and trustworthiness of digital infrastructure.The strategy also strives to provide the research conjunction access to event data to facilitate developing tools, testing theories, and identifying workable solutions. 7 Cyber security and its safeguarding of critical infrastructure as we know it toda y came to pass The fatherland Security human action of 2002 (P. L. 107-296), which transferred and integrated several national entities that play a role in cyber-security of control systems into the department of Homeland Security.These entities include the Critical Infrastructure Assurance Office, the National Infrastructure Protection Center, the National Infrastructure cloak and Analysis Center, and parts of the Department of Energys Office of Energy Assurance. Additionally, the Homeland Security play of 2002 created a new class of information, critical infrastructure information, which can be withheld from the public by the federal government.In spite of the clandestine measures in place to ensure the integrity of privileged information, the cornerstone of Americas cyberspace security strategy is and will remain a public-private partnership. The government, working with key stakeholders, should design an effective mechanism to achieve a true common operating picture that i ntegrates information from the government and the private sector and serves as the basis for informed and prioritized vulnerability mitigation attacks and possibility response decisions.From a federal government perspective, the proper and most efficient approach to ensuring the safety and integrity of its cyber security is through rigorous and cost-effective risk assessments. Industry Initiatives Since the field of cyber-security is a congressly new one, it will push to have intercourse its share of technical difficulties along the way. Initiatives that address the vulnerability of industrial control systems may be reduced and enhanced in a little is more approach through a range of federal actions.Development standards by either a voluntary or mandatory process for cyber-security of control systems identifying and addressing critical infrastructure interdependencies developing encryption methods for control systems identifying and establishing technologies to address existin g vulnerabilities funding long-term research into secure SCADA systems providing for free exchange of risk information betwixt the federal government, private industry, and other critical infrastructure sectors and assessing federal activities in this area are all possibilities for negotiation.Due to the severity of importance environ SCADA systems, federal actions may also create a more uniform process that would include the functionality requirement to protect industrial control systems, while providing for more secure operation. Preparedness and Resources Americas increasing dependence on information technology has given way towards a greater protection of digital networks and infrastructures, however confidence in its current form is as delicate as ever notwithstanding renewed calls for better understanding, awareness and preparedness of critical infrastructures. Confidence in preparedness is variable.Nearly a third of IT executives surveyed said their own sector was either not at all prepared or not very prepared to deal with attacks or infiltration by high-level adversaries. Among those who had actually experience such attacks, the lack of confidence rises to 41 percent. It is a generally held view by the cyber security community that the resources in place to secure networks are in adequate measure to respond to at-large threats. Overall, cost was most frequently cited as the biggest obstacle to ensuring the security of critical networks, followed by lack of awareness of the result of the risk. Such a daunting task of safeguarding these important resources can only be handled at the federal level, particularly in the militarys domain, yet even the federal government isnt moth-resistant to data breaches, nor is the military. The man shortly responsible for overseeing US cyber security strategy is Deputy Defense depository of Defense William J. Lynn of US Cyber Command (USCYBERCOM).Secretary Lynn cites the biggest threat to American cyberspace st ems from the exploitation, disruption and destruction of our networks. In 2008, the US was the victim of a cyber attack that penetrated top-secret classified files. The breach occurred when a foreign cognition agent used a malicious flash drive to steal information from laptops in Iraq and Afghanistan. Lynn cites this unprecedented event as the most significant breach of U. S. military computers ever. 13 More recently in May of 2010, the US Secret Internet Protocol Router Network (SIPRNet) was breached by PFC Bradley Manning, which led to the super publicized Wiki Leaks controversy.USCYBERCOM will play the leading role in helping to integrate cyber operations into operational and contingency planning as outlined by the 2010 Cyberspace Policy Review and the Quadrennial Defense Review (QDR). According to the Cyberspace Policy Review, t he nations approach to cyber security over the past 15 years has failed to keep pace with the threat. The QDR acknowledges that There is no exagger ating our dependence on DoDs information networks for command and control of our forces, the intelligence and logistics on which they depend, and the weapons technologies we develop and field.In the 21st century, modern build up forces simply cannot conduct high-tempo, effective operations without resilient, reliable information and communication networks and assured access to cyberspace. It is thereof not surprising that DoDs information networks have become targets for adversaries who seek to blunt U. S. military operations. Indeed, these networks are infiltrated daily by a myriad of sources, ranging from small groups of individuals to some of the largest countries in the world. The reality face up governments and private enterprise today with relation to yber attacks is to maintain a steadfast and cautious plan whose faculty enables them to respond to the incessant attacks by hostile governments and non-state actors alike.Undoubtedly, these measures are costly, but a solid in vestment in the safeguarding of critical infrastructure and data. The alternative lies in damage control once an attack has been initiated, which when compared to an attack, is exponentially less than the warranted protection in aggregate. The average estimated cost of 24 hours of down time from a major cyber attack was U. S. $6. 3 million in 2010. 6 According to a study prepared by the Poneman Institute, a research center dedicated to privacy, data protection and information security policy, the smaller the gap between compliance and non-compliance costs, the lower the occurrence of compromised records for an organization. 17 According to Undersecretary of Defense Lynn, cyber attacks on our military networks have not cost any lives, not yet. But in a six month period, the Defense Department spent more than $100 million defending its networks and we spend billions annually in a proactive effort to defend our networks. 18 Future Action PlansThe interdependence of cyberspace means sy stem networks are heavily dependent on varying infrastructures in order to function at optimum capacity. The US Department of Defense has acknowledged that in order to meet the demands of todays cyber security threats, they must collaborate with private enterprise in order to coordinate responses to cyber attacks. The Cyber Policy Review states that, implementation of this framework will require developing reporting thresholds, adaptable response and recovery plans, and the necessary coordination, information sharing, and incident reporting mechanisms needed for those plans to succeed.Moreover, the QDR supports the Cyber Policy Review by stating that, this mutual assistance includes information sharing, support for impartiality enforcement, defense support to civil authorities, and homeland defense. In particular, DoD will strengthen its cooperation with DHS, which leads the national effort to protect federal information systems. 19 Collaborative Effort and Hierarchy While cyber s ecurity is currently evolving and become a growing trend in the digital age with relation to national, military and economic security, overnment-sponsored cyber security cooperation varies widely among owners and operators of critical infrastructure in their respective arenas. 20 The advent of globalization has spawned a new age of interdependence and the integration of markets, nation-states and technologies. 21 While there is no question as to the federal governments responsibility in pooling its resources together for its own security, the question remains yet as to how the US allies and partners will collaborate in areas of mutual delight with relation to cyber security.As with any other venture that requires circumspection, the tendency for information sharing not only at the federal level, but international level as well may very well be a one-way street from bottom, up. While U. S. cyber security policy aims at having a partnership with private enterprise, rampart from the private sector arises from an impending gamut of legislation and regulation. Three areas in particular are a lodge in for IT professionals * Lack of faith in the understanding officials have about the way a sector works. unmanageable regulation may level-down security in very diverse sectors. * The risk that mandatory disclosure of security incidentsfor example the compromise of personal datacan drive policy and resources in counter-productive directions. 22 These concerns are well founded and derive from the legislative branchs inability to often time analyze, understand and process information in a timely fashion. Improving Cyber Space It will remain an arduous task for anyone and everyone who utilizes cyberspace as a medium for information and data sharing to maintain a relative form of security comfort.Cyberspace in its current form is unregulated by most countries about the world. China is an exception due to their system of government, the Chinese see it as a strategic int erest to hide certain areas of public internet usage. While there are steps in place to promote a healthy relationship in cyberspace from the government on down to private individuals, cyberspace and its capabilities are its infancy in terms of technology, systems and infrastructure. The ceiling is limitless with relation to advancements in all three of these phases.In the short-term, information placed in cyberspace must be carefully weighed for its content value and varying degree of sensitivity. There is a growing demand and shift towards internet usage that has secured access. For example, most websites that handle financial transactions and safeguard personal information have moved towards the https// cryptanalytics for secure connectivity. Firewalls are an important component as well in handling any manque hacker or virus from penetrating encrypted data.Such measures are an important step towards maintaining a harmonised cyberspace. The need and demand for privacy is another area of interest in maintaining a safe purlieu within cyberspace. Theres a profound difference between the location of a terrorist carrell on a network server in the Pentagon and an individuals latest update on a social media site. While both are important for differing reasons, privacy and security are of the terminal importance to maintaining the Internet and its users as safe as possible.Many cyber vulnerabilities exist because of a lack of cyber security awareness on the part of computer users, systems administrators, and technology developers, Such awareness-based vulnerabilities present serious risks to critical infrastructures. 23 Safety and improvements to cyberspace is everyones responsibility. With no single governing body in charge of securing and up(a) cyberspace, it becomes increasingly more important for all users to heed the caveat lectors of their own due diligence and to battery-acid out potential trouble areas and vulnerabilities.

Friday, May 17, 2019

Martin Luther King Jr.’s ‘Letter from Birmingham Jail’ Essay

Martin Luther King Jr.s revealing, Letter from Birmingham Jail, delves into the segregation, injustice and force play of Birmingham, Alabama, probably the most thoroughly segregated city in the United States(Inquiry, p.391, paragraph 6) In reception to criticism from eight clergymen of Birmingham, King details the process of preparation for the nonviolent protest that to a faultk place in Birmingham. Imprisoned for protesting without a license, Dr. Kings words continue to reach far beyond the debar of his prison in his letter from Birmingham jail.Martin Luther King addresses the concerns and criticisms of his fellow clergymen, explaining why the African-American population of our nation cannot constantly be expected to wait for a more appropriate time to voice their concerns. Justice too long delayed is justice denied.(Inquiry, p. 393, paragraph 13)Dr. Kings wisdom is a well-known and well-cherished divorce of American history. Reading his words have cemented my admiration for his methods and his ideas. In Letter from Birmingham Jail he exposes the cunning of the South and expresses his willingness to break an unjust law to pave the way for a just one. In causa peacefully going to jail for his protests isnt a loud enough demonstration, his letter, specifically addressed to eight fellow clergymen but meant for the nation, gets the message across.Reading this letter has made me wonder how an eloquent, charismatic and just patch such as Martin Luther King could be criticized, imprisoned and eventually assassinated. I question whoever cannot see the spring in Dr. Kings words. The issues of prejudice and segregation have been well worn since Martin Luther Kings time, but his words still hold passion and wisdom. His work on these issues was ground breaking, and I interrogative sentence our country would be as it is today if Dr. King had never spoken out in a time of injustice and inequality.